Biology 9700/36 October/November 2021: question paper and mark scheme

Question

Catalase is an enzyme produced by bacteria. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen gas, as shown in Fig. 1.1. catalase hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen Fig. 1.1 The activity of catalase can be used to determine the level of bacterial contamination in a food sample. You will investigate catalase activity in two food samples, F1 and F2. You are provided with the materials shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 labelled contents hazard volume / cm3 harmful E 10.0% catalase solution 30 irritant F1 food sample 1 none 20 F2 food sample 2 none 20 harmful H hydrogen peroxide solution 50 irritant D detergent solution irritant 20 W distilled water none 200 If any solution comes into contact with your skin, wash off immediately under cold water. It is recommended that you wear suitable eye protection. (a) You will need to carry out a serial dilution of the 10.0% catalase solution, E, to reduce the concentration of catalase by half between each successive dilution. You will need to prepare four concentrations of catalase solution in addition to the 10.0% catalase solution, E. After the serial dilution is completed, you will need to have 10 cm3 of each concentration available to use. (i) Complete Fig. 1.2 to show how you will prepare your serial dilution. Fig. 1.2 shows the first two beakers you will use to make your serial dilution. You will need to draw three additional beakers. For each beaker add labelled arrows to show: • the volume of catalase solution transferred • the volume of distilled water, W, added. Under each beaker, state the concentration of catalase solution. 0 cm3 of W 20 cm3 of …… 10.0% catalase solution, E …… 10 cm3 of 10.0% catalase solution, to use Fig. 1.2 [3] Carry out step 1 to step 15. 1. Prepare the concentrations of catalase solution, as decided in (a)(i), in the beakers provided. 2. Label five of the test-tubes with the concentrations you prepared in step 1. 3. Put 1 cm3 of each concentration of catalase solution into the appropriately labelled test-tube. 4. Label another test-tube 0.0% and put 1 cm3 of distilled water, W, into this test-tube. 5. Put one drop of detergent solution, D, into each labelled test-tube. Mix gently. When detergent is used, any oxygen produced by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide is trapped as foam. The height of the foam can be used as a measure of the volume of oxygen produced. 6. Put 5 cm3 of H into each labelled test-tube. This should be done by touching the nozzle of the syringe against the inside of the test-tube, as shown in Fig. 1.3. Gently push the plunger of the syringe so that H runs down the inside of the test-tube. push gently H Fig. 1.3 7. Start timing. When the foam reaches the top of at least one of the test-tubes, stop timing and record this time. If the foam does not reach the top of any test-tube after 3 minutes, stop timing and record this time as ‘3 minutes’. time = …… 8. Measure the height of the foam in each test-tube. Record your results in (a)(ii). (ii) Record your results in an appropriate table. [4] 9. Label a test-tube F1, and label another test-tube F2. 10. Put 1 cm3 of F1 into the appropriately labelled test-tube. 11. Put 1 cm3 of F2 into the appropriately labelled test-tube. 12. Put one drop of D into each labelled test-tube. Mix gently. 13. Put 5 cm3 of H into each labelled test-tube as described in step 6. 14. Start timing and leave for the time you recorded in step 7. 15. After this time (step 14), measure the height of the foam in each test-tube. (iii) Record the height of the foam in each test-tube. Include appropriate units. F1 …… F2 …… [2] (iv) Use your results from (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) to estimate the concentration of catalase in food samples F1 and F2. F1 …… % F2 …… % [2] (v) A source of error in this investigation is the difficulty of measuring the height of the foam. Suggest an improvement to the procedure to provide a more accurate measurement of the volume of oxygen produced. …… [1] (vi) Suggest one reason for using a 0.0% concentration in this investigation. …… [1] (vii) Describe how you could modify this procedure to obtain more accurate estimates of the concentrations of F1 and F2 in (a)(iv). …… [1] (b) A culture of Escherichia coli bacteria was grown for 10 days and then placed in solutions of different glucose concentration. The rate of glucose uptake into the bacterial cells was calculated. The results for E. coli are shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.2 glucose concentration glucose uptake rate / mg dm–3 / mg min–1 0 0.0 25 1.0 40 2.5 60 4.8 75 5.1 100 5.1 (i) Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 1.2 on the grid in Fig. 1.4. Use a sharp pencil. Fig. 1.4 [4] (ii) Use your graph in Fig. 1.4 to suggest how glucose is transported into bacterial cells. Suggest an explanation for your answer. …… [2] (iii) The rate of glucose uptake in another culture of bacteria, Chelatobacter heintzii, was also calculated. The results for C. heintzii are shown in Table 1.3. Table 1.3 glucose concentration glucose uptake rate / mg dm–3 / mg min–1 0 0 25 4.6 40 6.2 60 7.0 75 7.0 100 7.0 Cultures of E. coli and C. heintzii bacteria were placed in the same container with 40 mg dm–3 glucose. Use the data in Table 1.3 and your graph in (b)(i) to suggest which population of bacteria would grow the fastest. Suggest an explanation for your answer. …… [2] [Total: 22]

Question

N1 is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant leaf. (a) Set up the microscope so that you can observe the section on N1. Observe the different tissues in the area on N1 shown by the shaded region in Fig. 2.1. shaded region Fig. 2.1 Use a sharp pencil for drawing. (i) Draw a large plan diagram of the area of the section on N1 shown by the shaded region in Fig. 2.1. Your drawing should show the correct shapes and proportions of the different tissues. Use one ruled label line and label to identify one vascular bundle. [5] (ii) Observe one vascular bundle of the section on N1. Select one large xylem vessel element and three adjacent smaller cells. Each smaller cell must touch the large xylem vessel element and at least one of the other smaller cells. • Make a large drawing of these four cells. • Use one ruled label line and label to identify the cell wall of one cell. [5] Question 2 continues on page 14 (b) Fig. 2.2 is a photomicrograph showing part of a leaf surface. stomata Fig. 2.2 The actual area of the photomicrograph in Fig. 2.2 is 0.04 mm2. The leaf from which Fig. 2.2 is taken has a total surface area of 20 cm2. 1 cm2 = 100 mm2 (i) Use Fig. 2.2 to estimate the total number of stomata on the leaf. Show your working. number of stomata on the leaf = …… [3] (ii) One way to improve the accuracy of the estimate of the total number of stomata on a leaf is to use a photomicrograph with a larger area. State one other way to improve the accuracy of the estimate of the total number of stomata on a leaf. …… [1] (iii) Fig. 2.3 is a photomicrograph showing part of a leaf surface of a different type of plant. Fig. 2.3 Fig. 2.2 and Fig. 2.3 have the same magnification. Identify the observable differences between the leaf surface shown in Fig. 2.2 and the leaf surface shown in Fig. 2.3. Record the observable differences in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 feature Fig. 2.2 Fig. 2.3 [4] [Total: 18]