Economics 9708/13 May/June 2021: question paper and mark scheme

Question

A government department provides milk at no charge to very low income families. Which term best describes the milk? A free good B inferior good C private good D public good

Question

Which statement is a normative statement? A China has never had a balance of payments surplus. B Higher interest rates might reduce investment. C Perfect competition is allocatively efficient. D Welfare payments should be increased.

Question

What do economists regard as the reward for taking risks and organising production? A enterprise B interest C wages D profit

Question

The British pound is the national currency of the UK. In Brixton in south London it is possible to get a distinctively marked currency called the Brixton pound from special cash machines. This can be spent with 150 local shopkeepers. Similar schemes are found in towns in the US, Italy and France. Should Brixton pounds be considered money? A no, because it is not possible to have two currencies in a country B no, because they are not generally acceptable outside of Brixton C yes, because some shopkeepers are willing to accept them D yes, because they fulfil all the functions of money

Question

When stating the law of demand for a good, economists use the phrase ‘all other things being equal’. What is not one of these ‘all other things’? A the income of the consumer B the price of other goods C the price of the good D the tastes of the consumer

Question

What will not cause a shift in the market supply curve of a commodity? A a change in technology B a rise in the price of a factor input C a rise in the price of the commodity D the introduction of a specific tax on the commodity

Question

A product has a low price elasticity of supply. What might explain this? A The product has a low opportunity cost. B The product is highly perishable. C The product is classed as an inferior good. D The product is considered to be a necessity.

Question

A car manufacturer estimates that the price elasticity of supply of its cars is +2.5. What will be the impact of a 10% increase in price? A a 2.5% fall in total revenue B a 25% rise in total revenue C a 2.5% fall in quantity supplied D a 25% rise in quantity supplied

Question

The diagram shows the original demand curve D1 and supply curve S1 for diesel cars in Europe. Point X is the initial equilibrium. There is a successful advertising campaign by electric car producers and a new unit tax on diesel cars. What will be the new equilibrium? price S2 S1 A S3 D X B C D1 D3 D2 O quantity

Question

A UK based food company wishes to diversify its product range. To finance this, it has obtained a $10m loan from a bank to buy land, build and equip a bakery. What would not be classified by an economist as a factor of production? A the $10m loan used to finance the project B the land on which the bakery will be built C the ovens required to bake the bread D the soya used in the making of the bread

Question

A country’s central bank has commissioned a report on the demand for and price of houses. What might be the most likely combination of reasons for an increase in the price and quantity demanded of houses? wages of incomes interest rates bricklayers A down unchanged up B down up unchanged C unchanged up down D up down unchanged

Question

The diagram shows the outcome when a landowner, who had allowed motorists to park on his field at no cost, introduces a parking charge of $1. supply charge X $1 Y Z demand 0 parking spaces What happens as a result of the change? A The landowner gains a surplus of Y + Z. B The motorist gains a surplus of X + Y. C The ownership of surplus Y changes. D There is a total surplus of X + Y + Z.

Question

The table gives information about the market for two models of car. number of cars sold cross elasticity of demand with model per week respect to the price of petrol 1200 cc 10 000 –0.25 2000 cc 5 000 –0.50 If the prices of the cars remain unchanged, but the price of petrol increases by 100%, what will be the effect on the number of cars sold per week? A increase by 5000 B no change C decrease by 5000 D decrease by 15 000

Question

In many countries there are goods that must be provided directly by the government. What would be the most convincing argument for such provision? A The consumption of these products may be beneficial. B The production of these products may be harmful. C The production of these products have high opportunity costs. D These products are non-rival in consumption and non-excludable.

Question

The provision of rail services is switched from the private sector to the public sector. What is necessarily correct? A The average fare charged for the service will fall. B The profitability of the service will fall. C The rail service’s management will be responsible to different owners. D There will be an increase in the number of workers employed.

Question

The diagram represents the original demand curve D1 and the original supply curve S1 for electric cars. The government decides to provide a subsidy to electric car manufacturers. price of electric S1 cars S2 R E F M G N H T D1 O X Y quantity of electric cars Which area represents the total revenue of the car manufacturer after receiving the subsidy from the government? A OERY B OFMX C OGNY D OHTX

Question

A government decides to build additional public sector housing to be rented to people receiving low incomes. What is most likely to fall as a result of this increase in public sector housing? A employment in the construction industry B land prices in towns and cities C rents of houses in the private sector D total government spending

Question

Government spending for a year includes these items. $m pensions for elderly people 200 welfare payments to sick people 200 spending on hospitals 150 payment to unemployed workers 100 defence spending 100 teachers’ salaries 50 What is the total of transfer payments by this government in $m? A 50 B 500 C 750 D 800

Question

What would be certain to cause a fall in a country’s cost of living? A a fall in real incomes B a fall in the inflation rate C a negative inflation rate D a reduction in direct tax rates

Question

What is not an aim of protectionism? A to improve balance of trade B to increase price of exports C to protect infant industries D to reduce the volume of imports

Question

A country with a fixed exchange rate experiences a higher rate of inflation than its trading partners. What is the likely effect on the country’s volume of exports and imports? exports imports A decrease decrease B decrease increase C increase decrease D increase increase

Question

A sudden rise in the price of imported oil caused the annual rate of inflation in a given period to be higher than expected. What might be a likely result of this? A Borrowers would gain. B Real wages would rise. C The balance of trade would improve. D Unemployment would fall.

Question

What may increase the benefits a country gains from international trade? A a reduction in transportation costs because of a fall in world oil prices B domestic wage rates increase at a faster rate than output per worker C the domestic labour force becomes more occupationally immobile D trading partners increase tariffs on imported goods

Question

The world trade price of cars in country Y is US$10 000. At this price domestic car producers supply 100 000 cars to the market and domestic consumers purchase 200 000 cars. The government of country Y imposes a 10% tariff on imported cars. Under which conditions will this tariff raise the most revenue for the government? price elasticity price elasticity of of supply of car demand for cars producers in in country Y country Y A +0.5 –0.5 B +0.5 –1.5 C +1.5 –0.5 D +1.5 –1.5

Question

A country has a balance of trade deficit. When will this be least likely to be improved as a result of a depreciation of its currency? A if it is currently operating with a significant amount of unused resources B if the sum of the price elasticities of demand for exports and imports is less than 1 C if in the long term, the price elasticity of demand for exports should increase D if the country uses a relatively small proportion of imports in their production process

Question

Which statement about trade protection is correct? A A tariff results in a greater decrease in demand for an import the lower is its price elasticity of demand. B Embargoes are only an effective trade barrier when the demand for imports is price-elastic. C Export subsidies to domestic firms will prevent the dumping of foreign products in the domestic market. D Quotas are less effective than tariffs for raising government revenue.

Question

Which type of policy would have the most immediate effect in dealing with a deflationary economic downturn? A increasing the government’s budget surplus B increasing borrowing by assisting banks to lend more C investing in long-term projects to improve transport networks D switching the burden of taxation from earning to spending

Question

Which combination identifies a main aim of supply-side policy and a measure used to achieve this target? main aim policy measure A economic growth deregulation B full employment increasing the money supply C income equality more progressive taxation D stable prices decreasing interest rates

Question

Deflation is associated with persistent falling price levels. Which government policy would be most effective to prevent deflation? A imposing maximum price levels on basic foodstuffs B improving consumer confidence by reducing sales taxes C increasing income tax rates and increasing government borrowing D removing economic uncertainty and encouraging business investment

Question

The graph shows inflation rates over 10 years for selected emerging economies. 7 inflation % year on year 6 W 5 X 4 Y Z 3 2 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 year Government central banks set target minimum inflation rates before readjusting interest rates to stabilise the economy. If the minimum inflation rate target set by central banks was 4% per year, at which points would they allow interest rates to fall? A W and X B X and Y C Y and Z D Z and W