Biology 0610/32 February/March 2019: question paper and mark scheme

Question

A balanced diet contains seven different groups of substances. Three of these groups of substances are fats, fibre (roughage) and vitamins. (a) State the names of three other groups of substances in a balanced diet. 1 …… 2 …… 3 …… [3] (b) The boxes on the left contain the names of conditions that can develop if the diet is not balanced for a long period of time. The boxes on the right contain descriptions of how these conditions may be caused. Draw one straight line from each box on the left to a box on the right to link the condition to its cause. name of condition description of cause diet contains very little fibre constipation diet very high in protein obesity eating more food than is necessary scurvy lack of enough food starvation lack of fruits such as oranges [4] [Total: 7]

Question

(a) Complete the sentences about aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Use words or phrases from the list. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all. carbon dioxide carbon monoxide energy fatty acids glycerol guard lactic acid mesophyll muscle nitrogen oxygen Anaerobic respiration is different to aerobic respiration because …… is not needed to break down glucose molecules. The amount of …… released from each glucose molecule is much smaller in anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration in humans takes place in …… cells during vigorous exercise. It produces …… from glucose. A different form of anaerobic respiration takes place in yeast cells. Here the glucose is broken down into alcohol and …… . [5] (b) State two ways in which the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast can be used by humans. 1 …… 2 …… [2] (c) Fig. 2.1 shows the percentage of energy provided by anaerobic respiration when athletes run in races of different distances. 80 60 percentage of energy provided by 40 anaerobic respiration 20 0 200 400 800 1500 distance of race / m Fig. 2.1 Describe the results shown in Fig. 2.1. Use the data to support your answer. …… [2] [Total: 9]

Question

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows the eye of a person in normal daylight. Fig. 3.1 Complete Fig. 3.2 by drawing the pupil to show the effect of shining a bright light into the eye. Fig. 3.2 [1] (b) (i) Fig. 3.3 shows the names of five structures involved in a reflex arc. Complete Fig. 3.3 by drawing four arrows to show the pathway and direction a nerve impulse travels during a reflex action. receptor relay neurone sensory neurone effector motor neurone Fig. 3.3 [3] (ii) State the name of the junction between two neurones. …… [1] (c) The body is regulated by both the nervous system and by hormones. Table 3.1 shows information about the names of hormones, where they are produced and their actions in the body. Complete Table 3.1. Table 3.1 where the hormone is name of hormone action the hormone has in the body produced in the body insulin pancreas widened pupils, increased heart rate, raised adrenal gland blood glucose concentration testosterone [4] [Total: 9]

Question

Modern technology has resulted in increased food production. (a) State three examples of modern technology that are used to increase food production. 1 …… 2 …… 3 …… [3] (b) Many farms grow one type of crop plant on a large area of land. This type of crop production is called large-scale monoculture. State two negative impacts to an ecosystem of large-scale monocultures. 1 …… 2 …… [2] [Total: 5]

Question

(a) State one adaptive feature of an egg cell and one adaptive feature of a sperm. egg cell …… sperm …… [2] (b) Some actions can damage the health of a fetus during pregnancy. State two actions a woman should avoid during pregnancy. 1 …… 2 …… [2] (c) Fig. 5.1 shows a fetus in its mother’s body shortly before it is born. Fig. 5.1 (i) State the functions of the placenta. …… [2] (ii) Describe three events, other than pain, that occur in the mother’s body during the process of labour and birth. 1 …… 2 …… 3 …… [3] [Total: 9]

Question

Fig. 6.1 shows a section through a plant root. X Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) The X on Fig. 6.1 represents a molecule of water. On Fig. 6.1, draw a line from the X to show the pathway this water molecule takes to pass into the tissue that transfers it to the leaves. [1] (ii) State the name of the process by which the water molecule moves into the root. …… [1] (iii) State the name of the tissue that transports the water to the leaves. …… [1] (b) Fig. 6.2 shows the apparatus used in an investigation. air bubbled through the solution dilute solution of mineral ions Fig. 6.2 In the investigation, several sets of this apparatus were set up. Each set of apparatus was placed in a different temperature. The rate of mineral ion uptake by the plants was measured. The results are shown in Fig. 6.3. 20 rate of 15 mineral ion uptake / arbitrary units 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 temperature / °C Fig. 6.3 (i) State the rate of mineral ion uptake at 25 °C in Fig. 6.3. …… arbitrary units [1] (ii) Describe and explain the results shown in Fig. 6.3. Use the data to support your answer. …… [4] (c) State the name of one mineral ion that plants absorb through their roots and state why the plants need this mineral ion. name of mineral ion …… needed for …… [2] [Total: 10]

Question

(a) Fig. 7.1 shows an external view of the heart of a person who has coronary heart disease. aorta pulmonary artery left atrium coronary artery right atrium area of dead muscle tissue left ventricle right ventricle Fig. 7.1 (i) On Fig. 7.1 three arteries are labelled. State the name of two other types of blood vessel. 1 …… 2 …… [2] (ii) Describe the structure of an artery. …… [2] (b) (i) Fig. 7.1 shows an area of dead muscle tissue. Describe what is meant by the term coronary heart disease and suggest why the heart muscle tissue has died. …… [3] (ii) One factor that increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease is having a diet that contains a lot of fat. State three other factors that increase the risk of a person developing coronary heart disease. 1 …… 2 …… 3 …… [3] [Total: 10]

Question

Table 8.1 lists some processes carried out by living organisms. Place a tick (✓) in a box to show the type of process that occurs in animals, occurs in plants, or occurs in both. An example has been done for you. Table 8.1 occurs in occurs in name of process animals plants absorption ✓ ✓ diffusion egestion photosynthesis respiration sexual reproduction transpiration [6]

Question

(a) Define the term pathogen. …… [1] (b) The body has defences against pathogens. The defences can be grouped into three types and these are listed in Table 9.1. Complete Table 9.1 by giving a specific example for each type of defence. Table 9.1 type of body defence example mechanical barrier chemical barrier cells [3] (c) (i) Suggest two reasons why it is important for people to wash their bodies frequently. 1 …… 2 …… [2] (ii) A student’s shirt has food stains on it. The food stain contains proteins and fats. The shirt is washed in a biological washing powder. Explain why a biological washing powder is effective at removing the stain. …… [2] (d) Fig. 9.1 shows an example of an unhygienic practice in a kitchen. Fig. 9.1 Explain why hygienic food preparation is important. …… [2] [Total: 10]

Question

(a) Define the term drug. …… [2] (b) State the name of one lung disease linked to smoking cigarettes. …… [1] (c) Alcohol is a drug. State the name of the organ in the body that breaks down alcohol. …… [1] (d) State the name of the group of drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. …… [1] [Total: 5]