Biology 0610/42 February/March 2020: question paper and mark scheme

Question

(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the human gas exchange system. B A C Fig. 1.1 (i) Identify the structures labelled A, B and C in Fig. 1.1. A …… B …… C …… [3] (ii) Explain how the structures in the gas exchange system cause inspiration. …… [4] (b) A person who does not smoke can be exposed to tobacco smoke from other people smoking. Researchers studied the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke on the development of lung cancer in three groups of women who did not smoke: • group 1 – no exposure to tobacco smoke • group 2 – low level exposure to tobacco smoke • group 3 – high level exposure to tobacco smoke. Their results are shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 number of women percentage of number of women group who died from women who died studied lung cancer from lung cancer 1 21 895 32 0.15 2 44 184 86 3 25 461 56 0.22 (i) Calculate the percentage of women in group 2 who died from lung cancer. Write your answer, to two significant figures, in Table 1.1. [2] (ii) Many countries have laws that ban smoking in public buildings. Discuss the evidence from Table 1.1 that supports these laws. …… [3] (iii) Smoking has been found to increase the risk of developing diseases other than cancer. State two other diseases that can be caused by smoking. 1 …… 2 …… [2] [Total: 14]

Question

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the transfer of materials between blood and tissues. lymphatic fluid A vessel fluid B arteriole venule Key: flow of blood transfer of materials Fig. 2.1 (i) Complete Table 2.1 by: • stating the names of the fluids • writing yes if the fluid contains red blood cells or no if the fluid does not contain red blood cells. Table 2.1 letter on contains red name of the fluid Fig. 2.1 blood cells A B [2] (ii) State the name of the process by which oxygen is transferred from fluid B to the cells. …… [1] (iii) Explain why cells need oxygen. …… [2] (b) Describe the functions of arterioles in the skin. …… [3] (c) Describe the functions of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system. …… [2] (d) Lacteals are part of the lymphatic system. (i) State where in the body lacteals are found. …… [1] (ii) Describe the role of lacteals. …… [1] [Total: 12]

Question

(a) One of the characteristics of living organisms is sensitivity. Define the term sensitivity. …… [2] (b) State the names of two sense organs. 1 …… 2 …… [1] (c) Scientists investigated the effect of adrenaline on blood glucose concentration in rats. The rats were put into two groups: • group A was given an injection of adrenaline • group B was given an injection that did not contain adrenaline. The blood glucose concentrations of the rats in both groups were monitored for three hours after the injections. The rats did not eat for 12 hours before the investigation or while they were being monitored. The results are shown in Fig. 3.1. 5.0 time of injection 4.5 blood glucose concentration / mmol per dm3 4.0 3.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 monitoring time / hours Key: group A (adrenaline) group B (no adrenaline) Fig. 3.1 (i) Suggest why group B was given an injection that did not contain adrenaline. …… [2] (ii) Describe and explain the results shown in Fig. 3.1 for group A. …… [5] (d) Another group of rats was given an injection that did not contain adrenaline. These rats were given food after 2 hours of monitoring. Predict the changes to blood glucose concentration in this group of rats. Sketch a line to show your prediction on the graph in Fig. 3.1. [2] (e) Describe two effects of adrenaline on the body, other than a change in blood glucose concentration. 1 …… 2 …… [2] [Total: 14]

Question

(a) Describe the similarities and differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor. similarities …… differences …… [4] (b) Researchers at a hospital recorded the total number of children admitted to the hospital between 1984 and 2002. A common reason for children being admitted to this hospital was severe diarrhoea. Table 4.1 shows this information. Table 4.1 total number of year children admitted to the hospital 1984 1386 1986 1604 1988 1955 1990 2054 1992 1726 1994 1143 1996 1422 1998 1419 2000 1580 2002 1161 (i) Calculate the percentage decrease in the total number of children admitted to the hospital between 1998 and 2002. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Space for working. …… % [3] (ii) Health workers in the communities near the hospital were trained in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea. This affected the total number of children being admitted to the hospital. Suggest the year in which the training took place. Give a reason for your answer. year …… reason …… [2] (iii) The health workers provided advice to the community on ways of preventing the spread of the pathogens that cause diarrhoea. Suggest the advice that was given to the community. …… [3] [Total: 12]

Question

(a) Mitosis is a type of nuclear division. Fig. 5.1 is a series of photomicrographs showing a cell dividing by mitosis. before mitosis 0 minutes 34 minutes 40 minutes 45 minutes 55 minutes Fig. 5.1 (i) State the change that has occurred to the mass of DNA immediately before mitosis in Fig. 5.1. …… [1] (ii) Estimate the time when the chromosomes shown in Fig. 5.1 begin to separate. …… [1] (b) Meiosis is another type of nuclear division. Describe how the nuclei in cells produced by meiosis differ from the nuclei in cells produced by mitosis. …… [3] (c) Stem cells divide by mitosis during the growth of an embryo. Describe the role of stem cells in the growth of an embryo. …… [2] (d) An embryo develops into a fetus. Outline the processes of labour and birth. …… [6] [Total: 13]

Question

(a) Atlantic cod, Gadhus morhua, is a type of fish that is an important resource for commercial fishing. Fig. 6.1 shows the estimated mass of Atlantic cod over 40 years. 9 8 7 6 mass of Atlantic 5 cod / million 4 tonnes 3 2 1 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 year Fig. 6.1 (i) In 1970, the mass of Atlantic cod was 8 000 000 tonnes. State one year when the mass of Atlantic cod was half this value. …… [1] (ii) State the years when there was a continuous increase in the mass of Atlantic cod for at least five years. …… [1] (iii) Suggest reasons for the trend shown between 1990 and 1995. …… [3] (iv) Explain how fish stocks can be conserved by restocking. …… [3] (b) Fish have adaptive features that enable them to live successfully in their environment. Fig. 6.2 is a photograph of a great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Great white sharks are efficient predators and have very good eyesight to see in poor light conditions underwater. Fig. 6.2 (i) Describe two features, other than eyesight, visible in Fig. 6.2 that suggest that great white sharks are efficient predators. 1 …… 2 …… [2] (ii) Describe how the ancestors of the great white shark developed adaptive features such as good eyesight. …… [5] [Total: 15]