Biology 0610/21 October/November 2023: question paper and mark scheme

Question

Some processes carried out by living organisms are listed. 1 egestion 2 excretion 3 reproduction 4 respiration Which processes are carried out by all living organisms? A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

Question

The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. What does Homo refer to? A mammal B genus C kingdom D species

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Some structures found in cells are listed. 1 cell membrane 2 cell wall 3 mitochondria 4 nucleus Which structures are found in prokaryotic cells? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

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In a mesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found? A between the cell wall and the cell membrane B in the cytoplasm C in the nucleus D in the vacuole

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The diagram shows a flatworm. The flatworm has been magnified by ×100. 50 mm What is the actual size of the flatworm? A 0.5 μm B 5 μm C 50 μm D 500 μm

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The diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes. start of the after placing in a experiment dilute solution of salts Which statement explains what happens? A Dissolved salts enter the cell by diffusion. B Dissolved salts leave the cell by diffusion. C Water enters the cell by osmosis. D Water leaves the cell by osmosis.

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The concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil. What would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell? 1 mitochondria 2 oxygen 3 membrane proteins 4 cell wall A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 2 only D 1 only

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What is the colour change shown by Benedict’s solution when heated with a reducing sugar? A blue to purple B blue to red C brown to blue-black D red to yellow

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The diagram shows the digestive system. Which part absorbs the most water? A D B C

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Which statement is correct? A The active site of an enzyme has the same shape as the substrate. B The active site is not affected by changes in temperature. C The shape of the active site of an enzyme is complementary to its substrate. D The substrate and product combine at the active site.

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The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 °C. 0.10% carbon dioxide X rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide photosynthesis 0.02% carbon dioxide light intensity What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph? A carbon dioxide concentration B light intensity C surface area of the plant D temperature

Question

The diagram shows a test-tube at the start and at the end of an enzyme experiment. enzyme + enzyme + substrate 10 minutes products temperature 35 °C At the end of the experiment, the mixture in the test-tube contains glycerol. Which row correctly identifies the enzyme and the substrate it acts on? substrate it enzyme acts on A amylase fat B amylase glucose C lipase fat D lipase glucose

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The diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human. Which tooth is a molar? B C A D

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What is meant by chemical digestion? A Large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules. B Large soluble molecules are broken down into small insoluble molecules. C Small insoluble molecules are built up into large soluble molecules. D Small soluble molecules are built up into large insoluble molecules.

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The diagram shows a villus in the small intestine. X What is absorbed at X? A fatty acids B glucose C glycogen D starch

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What is a description of transpiration? A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere B loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant C movement of water from the roots to the leaves D movement of water through the cells of the leaf

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Parts of a plant are listed. 1 mesophyll cells 2 root cortex cells 3 root hair cells 4 xylem vessels What is the pathway taken by water in the plant? A 1→4→2→3 B 1→2→3→4 C 3→1→4→2 D 3→2→4→1

Question

The diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal. gill capillaries lung capillaries X R Y S ventricle atria atrium Z ventricles T body capillaries body capillaries fish circulation mammal circulation Which letters represent areas with the most oxygenated blood? A R and X B S and Y C T and Y D T and Z

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What is the role of lymphocytes in the blood? A antibody production B blood clotting C phagocytosis D oxygen transport

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A patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. The patient recovered and survived. What describes the effect of the injection in the patient’s body? active passive memory cells immunity immunity produced A key B = yes C = no D

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Which table correctly shows the difference in composition of inspired air compared with expired air? A B inspired air expired air inspired air expired air oxygen less more oxygen less more carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less C D inspired air expired air inspired air expired air oxygen more less oxygen more less carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less

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Which row shows the correct combination of muscle contractions and the pressure in the thorax when breathing out? internal external pressure intercostal intercostal diaphragm in thorax muscles muscles A contracted contracted contracted high B contracted relaxed relaxed high C relaxed contracted contracted high D relaxed relaxed relaxed low

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Three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed. 1 In humans, the product is lactic acid. 2 In yeast, the product is lactic acid. 3 It releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration. Which statements are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

Question

What is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast? A C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + 6H2O B 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 C C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 D 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 → C6H12O6

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The diagram shows the human excretory system. Which labelled structure is the urethra? A B C D

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The diagrams show three types of neurones. L NOT TO SCALE N M Which sequence shows the direction that impulses will travel during a reflex action? A L→M→N B M→L→N C M→N→L D N→M→L

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Which statement about rods and cones in the eye is correct? A Both rods and cones detect different colours of light. B Only cones are present in the blind spot. C Rods are more sensitive than cones in low light intensity. D There are three types of rods but only one type of cone.

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Which diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics? diseases diseases caused by rickets caused by bacteria viruses A key B = can be treated C = cannot be treated D

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Which statement about human sexual reproduction is correct? A All gametes are haploid. B Fertilisation occurs when two diploid nuclei fuse. C The sperm is the male zygote. D Sexual reproduction results in haploid offspring.

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Where is oestrogen produced? A cervix B ovaries C oviducts D uterus

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Which row shows correct information about mitosis? number of chromosomes cells produced by mitosis in the daughter cells compared to the parent cell A are genetically different half the number to the parent cell B are genetically different the same number to the parent cell C are genetically identical half the number to the parent cell D are genetically identical the same number to the parent cell

Question

Polydactyly is a condition that can occur in cats and results in affected individuals having extra toes. The diagram shows the inheritance of the condition in a family of cats. key polydactyl female cat polydactyl male cat non-polydactyl female cat non-polydactyl male cat What does the family tree show about the allele for polydactyly? A It is codominant. B It could be dominant or recessive. C It is dominant. D It is recessive.

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The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a marram grass leaf. Which feature is an adaptation of a xerophyte? A the presence of chloroplasts B the presence of fine hairs C the presence of phloem tissue D the presence of xylem vessels

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Some statements about mutations are given. 1 A random change in the amino acid sequence in DNA causes gene mutation. 2 A mutation is a genetic change. 3 Ionising radiation decreases the rate of mutation. 4 New alleles are formed by mutations. Which statements are correct? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

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The graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in one area. Y X population time Which statements are correct? 1 At X, the birth rate is higher than the death rate. 2 At X, there are no deaths and the population is limited by a lack of food. 3 At Y, the birth rate and death rate are equal. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 only

Question

In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive. A test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a guinea pig with black fur. What would be the expected result of the test cross if the guinea pig with black fur was homozygous? A 50% black, 50% white B 25% black, 75% white C 100% black D 100% white

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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. nitrogen gas in the atmosphere decomposition animal by bacteria protein process R feeding ammonium process T by bacteria digestion ions by bacteria in the soil in the soil plant decomposition protein by bacteria absorption process S by bacteria nitrates in the soil Which row shows the correct processes for R, S and T? denitrification nitrogen fixation nitrification A R S T B T S R C T R S D S R T

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During eutrophication, what causes the death of fish? A increased growth of producers B increased photosynthesis by producers C decreased concentration of carbon dioxide in the water D decreased concentration of oxygen in the water

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Which product is made using an enzyme rather than bacteria or fungi? A insulin B penicillin C lactose-free milk D mycoprotein

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Some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed. 1 using yeast to produce ethanol 2 artificial selection of sheep with thick wool 3 using bacteria to produce human substances What are examples of genetic modification? A 1 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 3 only