Information and Communication Technology 0417/11 May/June 2024: question paper and mark scheme

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1 Motherboard 2 ROM

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2(a) Encryption 1 2(b) Control 1 2(c) Hacking 1 2(d) (An) interview 1

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3(a) Password: 6IRrg08& 3 Two from: No obvious sequence of numbers/letters Long password Strong password Hard to guess Not directly related to personal details 3(b) One from: 1 Changing password regularly Use of anti-spyware/anti-malware Be aware of shoulder surfing

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4 Four from: 4 Block and report unwanted users Do not meet an online contact face to face Always tell an adult if you plan to meet in person Avoiding the distribution of inappropriate images when sending to new friends Avoiding the use of inappropriate language Respecting confidentiality/personal/sensitive data of new friends Never reveal personal images Keep personal data private Set account privacy settings Turn off current location

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5(a) Two from: 2 Experts can operate the user interface faster Does not require a high resolution monitor Requires less processing power to run the CLI 5(b) Two from: 2 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Dialogue based Gesture based

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6 Max five from: 6 Advantages Simpler interface for employees Less equipment is required therefore it is cheaper More flexibility/can dress casually for the employee as they do no need to be in front of a camera No issues with lip sync Can do other tasks as there is no camera/cannot be seen More privacy as the viewers cannot see inside your home/office Max five from: Disadvantages Doesn’t let you have visual aids during calls Cannot see the body language of the people in the conference Cannot tell if the employees are paying attention Fewer features than video-conferencing Less personal as you cannot see the person Harder to control the meeting as you do not know who is speaking next

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7(a) Two from: 2 Data can be stored on the laptop Does not require the use of external storage devices when transferring data to and from the office Employee does not have to use his own equipment saves the employee money Would only be used by the employee therefore improves security 7(b) Two from: 2 Laptop can be lost/stolen in transit Laptop can be more easily damaged Risk of uploading/downloading a virus/malware by use of own devices Security could be compromised if own storage devices are used Device could be used for other work/personal activities (causing security problems) 7(c) Four from: 4 Navigation buttons to move to next page Help button to get help with filling in the form Drop down lists to enter the address/name Auto-complete to speed up the process to add addresses Character boxes to make it easier to type in the data Good use of white space to make it easier to read Layout of form to make it easier to read Easy to understand instructions to help fill out the form correctly Use of radio buttons/tick boxes for gender Font size to make it easier to read Font style so it is easier to read Well designed layout to make it easier to fill in 7(d) Four from: 4 Regularly rest the eyes Sit at arm’s length from the screen Use a foot rest Use a wrist rest Arrange the workspace so that there is enough space to work Use an ergonomic chair/mouse/keyboard Maintain correct posture Use blue light glasses Ensure the room lighting matches the screen brightness Keep the laptop screen clear of dust and dirt

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8(a) Two from: 2 Gaming Example of walk through systems Example of training systems 8(b) Max Six from: 6 People can be trained allowing them to practice over and over until they have perfected a particular task People can be trained in a virtual environment without risk to themselves/others Allows training in dangerous situations where it is impossible to practice the real thing Can give people a much more interactive experience when they are trained Allows people to retain knowledge much better than reading about it in a book/training room Allows people to walk through to check for potential errors/tested before the design is implemented Designs can be modified quickly therefore better objects can be made Confusion between real life and the game Causes headaches/eye strain/motion sickness/falling over Can become addicted to gaming with this system

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9(a) Three from: 3 Uses prescribed (knowledge-based) criteria to solve a problem The criteria in the rules base are applied to the inputted data Part of the database of knowledge It contains facts/descriptions of objects Used in searching the knowledge base 9(b) Three from: 3 This determines how to apply the knowledge in the knowledge base to the facts presented at the user interface Processes the knowledge base to find the diagnoses/solution It performs this task in order to deduce new facts which are subsequently used to draw further conclusions The inference engine is the active component of an expert system It provides a methodology for reasoning

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10 Four from: 4 The microprocessor receives the data A preset value for the distance is stored in the microprocessor The microprocessor compares this data to the minimum distance/preset value If the data is less than the preset value the microprocessor sends a signal to the actuator The actuator applies the brakes If the data is more than the preset value the microprocessor does nothing Process is continuous

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11(a) Max two from: 4 Similarities Both are methods of implementation Both involve the changing of the whole of the old system to a new system Max three from: Differences With parallel running both systems operate together until the old one is removed With direct changeover the new system is implemented immediately With direct changeover benefits are immediate With parallel running the changeover is safer as the old system is still operating for a while With direct changeover costs are reduced as only one set of staff need to be employed/as there is only one system in operation With direct changeover the system has to be more thoroughly tested before becoming operational 11(b) Max four from: 4 Compare the final solution with the original task to ensure that all elements of the solution have been met Identify any limitations of the software these are the problems that may have occurred during the testing/implementation Identify any necessary improvements that need to be made following testing and implementation, errors may be found that need to be improved Evaluate the user’s responses to using the new software following the beta testing the users report back and these comments need to be taken into consideration

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12(a) Three from: 3 A type of credit card theft A digital copy of the credit card is made with data placed on a new blank card An unauthorised copy is made of the data Uses a concealed electronic scanner 12(b) Two from: 2 Use of personal identification number/PIN Use of chipped cards Inspect the credit card reader you are using Use an RFID protector Sign up for text alerts on the account Not using your credit card if you feel unsafe/suspicious websites Don’t let your card leave your sight Use third party/smartphone electronic payment systems

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13(a) Visual verification 1 13(b) Four from: 4 Data is processed lawfully/fairly Data processing must be transparent The purpose of collecting the data must be specified/explicit/legitimate Personal data must be adequate/relevant/not excessive Personal data must be accurate/kept up to date Personal data must not be kept for longer than is necessary Personal data must be processed in a secure manner Data can only be used for medical purposes Data must be protected 13(c)(i) One from: 1 The age of the patient changes every year The data would need to updated regularly Time consuming to keep changing the age on the database 13(c)(ii) One from: 1 Use the field date of birth Use a calculated field from date of birth 13(d)(i) Two from: 2 Range check Character check Length check Type check Format check Presence check Check digit 13(d)(ii) Max three from: 4 A primary key is unique A primary key helps identify the record A primary key cannot be a null value Creates relationships Only one primary key per table Max three from: A foreign key can have a null value A foreign key is a key in a table which is a primary key in another table A foreign key enforces referential integrity Found in relational databases