Biology 0610/22 February/March 2025: question paper and mark scheme

Question

The relationships of four species of bacteria, P, Q, R and S, were compared. ● Species P and Q have a more recent common ancestor than either species has with species R. ● Species S developed recently from species P. Which species has the least similar base sequences in their DNA compared to the other three species of bacteria? A P B Q C R D S

Question

The diagram shows an arthropod. pedipalp legs To which group does it belong? A arachnids B crustaceans C insects D myriapods

Question

Which structures are found in both plant cells and bacterial cells? cell membrane cell wall plasmid ribosomes A yes yes yes no B no yes yes yes C yes no yes yes D yes yes no yes

Question

A cell is 65 μm across. What is this measurement in mm? A 0.00065 mm B 0.0065 mm C 0.065 mm D 0.65 mm

Question

The diagram shows four mesophyll cells, W, X, Y and Z. Water moves through these cells. W X Y Z Which arrow shows the direction of movement of water through these cells? direction of water water potential / kPa movement W X Y Z A → –600 –450 –350 –250 B → –350 –400 –450 –600 C ← –400 –450 –500 –550 D ← –200 –300 –350 –450

Question

Three processes are listed. 1 Molecules or ions are moved across membranes. 2 Molecules or ions are moved by protein carriers. 3 Ions are taken up by root hairs. Which processes can involve active transport? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

Question

A section of a chromosome contains 4500 bases. There are 1450 G bases. How many A bases are there? A 800 B 1450 C 1600 D 2900

Question

Which chemical element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates? A carbon B hydrogen C nitrogen D oxygen

Question

Which statement describes enzymes? A Enzymes are carbohydrates. B Enzymes are involved in metabolic reactions. C Enzymes decrease the rate of reaction. D Enzymes have the same shape of active site as their substrate.

Question

The graphs show how the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration in a plant changed over a 24-hour period. Which graph shows the correct rate of photosynthesis and rate of respiration? key photosynthesis respiration A B rate rate / arbitrary / arbitrary units units 0 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 time of day / hour time of day / hour C D rate rate / arbitrary / arbitrary units units 0 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 time of day / hour time of day / hour

Question

The photomicrograph shows part of the lower surface of a leaf. X What is the structure labelled X? A guard cell B palisade mesophyll cell C spongy mesophyll cell D xylem vessel

Question

A student is told that their diet is not balanced and they may be at risk of developing scurvy. What should the student do to reduce their risk of scurvy? A The student should drink more milk which will provide more calcium. B The student should drink more milk which will provide more vitamin C. C The student should eat more citrus fruits which will provide more calcium. D The student should eat more citrus fruits which will provide more vitamin C.

Question

The diagram shows the four types of human tooth. 1 2 3 4 incisor canine premolar molar Which teeth are used for grinding food? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

Question

Which substance causes the change in pH when food enters the small intestine? A amylase B bile C gastric juice D trypsin

Question

Which conditions cause the highest rate of transpiration? A high temperature, high wind speed and high humidity B high temperature, high wind speed and low humidity C low temperature, low wind speed and low humidity D low temperature, low wind speed and high humidity

Question

The diagram shows a heart defect that some babies are born with. The arrows indicate direction of blood flow. heart defect Which statement explains why this heart defect might cause the baby to have poor growth? A Blood flows to the lungs at high pressure increasing rate of gas exchange. B Blood flows to the lungs at low pressure decreasing rate of gas exchange. C Mixing of blood results in less oxygen available for respiration. D Mixing of blood results in more glucose available for respiration.

Question

The diagram shows the effect of vaccination on the human body. Three components in the diagram are represented by numbers. 1 immune response 2 3 can provide passive provide long-term immunity to others immunity Which components are memory cells? A 1 only B 2 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

Question

What helps to keep the trachea open during breathing? A cartilage B cilia C external intercostal muscles D larynx

Question

Yeast can respire aerobically and anaerobically. For each molecule of glucose used in yeast, how many more molecules of carbon dioxide gas are produced by aerobic respiration compared with anaerobic respiration? A 1 more B 2 more C 4 more D 6 more

Question

In a healthy human, in which blood vessel would you find the lowest concentration of urea? A hepatic artery B hepatic vein C renal artery D renal vein

Question

A specific eye condition can cause permanent contraction of the ciliary muscles. Which row is correct for an eye with this condition compared to an eye without this condition? suspensory refraction of light ligaments rays onto the retina A slack less B slack more C taut less D taut more

Question

The liver and the pancreas work together to control the concentration of glucose in the blood. Which statement is correct? A The liver converts the small molecule glucose into the large molecule glucagon. B The liver releases the hormone insulin when blood glucose concentration is too high. C The pancreas does not respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration. D The pancreas responds to a fall in the blood glucose concentration by increasing the release of the hormone glucagon.

Question

In the dark, plant shoots grow upwards and roots grow downwards. What causes these responses? gravitropism phototropism A no no B no yes C yes no D yes yes

Question

What is the reason why antibiotics should be used only when essential? A It increases the artificial selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. B It increases the natural selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. C It reduces the artificial selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. D It reduces the natural selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Question

Which row describes self-pollination? pollen transferred from pollen transferred from an pollen transferred an anther to the stigma anther to the stigma of a from an anther to of a different flower on flower on a different plant the stigma of the the same plant of the same species same flower A key B = yes C = no D

Question

The list shows terms used when describing sexual reproduction. 1 male gamete 2 female gamete 3 ovule 4 ovary 5 filament 6 fertilisation 7 haploid Which terms are used only when describing sexual reproduction in plants? A 1 and 7 B 2 and 4 C 2 and 6 D 3 and 5

Question

Which statement correctly describes the effect of a hormone in a human menstrual cycle that lasts for 28 days? A FSH causes maturation of an egg up to day 21. B LH stimulates the release of an egg on day 14. C Oestrogen maintains the uterus lining between days 14 and 28. D Progesterone causes the repair and thickening of the uterus lining between days 4 to 14.

Question

What is the main hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics? A adrenaline B insulin C oestrogen D testosterone

Question

Which term is defined as a length of DNA that codes for a protein? A amino acid B chromosome C gene D mutation

Question

Which statement about the sex chromosomes is correct? A Men and women can inherit characteristics controlled by genes on the X chromosome. B Men and women can inherit characteristics controlled by genes on the Y chromosome. C Only men can inherit characteristics controlled by genes on the X chromosome. D Only women can inherit characteristics controlled by genes on the Y chromosome.

Question

The graph shows how the mass of DNA changes during a mitotic cell division. Where on the graph are two cells formed? A B C D mass of DNA per cell / arbitrary units time / hours

Question

A man with blood group A and genotype IAIo has a child with a woman who has blood group B and genotype IBIo. What is the probability of the child having blood group O? A 0.00 B 0.25 C 0.50 D 1.00

Question

What are sources of genetic variation in populations? A meiosis, mutation, random mating B meiosis, random mating, asexual reproduction C mitosis, mutation, random fertilisation D mitosis, random fertilisation, asexual reproduction

Question

The food chain shows how energy is transferred to a human. lettuce → snails → duck → human Where did the energy in the lettuce come from? A snails B soil C the Sun D water

Question

The processes listed affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 1 increased deforestation 2 increased tree planting 3 decreased fossil fuel combustion 4 increased fossil fuel combustion Which processes increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

Question

Which organisms can be sources of energy for decomposers? producers herbivores carnivores A key B = yes C = no D

Question

A coral reef contains species such as stony corals, sponges, seahorses and whale sharks. These species interact with each other and are affected by the temperature, salt concentration and oxygen concentration of the water. Using all the information given, what is being described? A community B ecosystem C food web D population

Question

What can cause an increase in the size of a rabbit population? A an increase in a disease that affects rabbits B an increase in available food for the rabbits C an increase in pollution in the habitat of the rabbits D an increase in predation of rabbits

Question

How does eutrophication lead to the death of fish? A A sudden increase in the number of bacteria increases the spread of disease. B Algae respire instead of photosynthesise. C Decomposer bacteria lower the oxygen concentration in the water. D Fertilisers reduce the availability of nitrates in the water.

Question

The diagram shows a bacterial cell. Which cell structure makes bacteria useful in genetic modification? A B D C