Biology 0610/22 October/November 2025: question paper and mark scheme

Question

The photographs show two different rats. Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus Which statement about the rats is correct? A The rats belong to the same genus. B The rats belong to the same species. C The rats can breed together to produce fertile offspring. D The rats do not share any of the same features.

Question

The diagrams show cells of organisms from three different kingdoms. not to scale 1 2 3 Which row shows the kingdoms for the organism cells labelled 1, 2 and 3? cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 A fungus protoctist prokaryote B fungus prokaryote protoctist C prokaryote fungus protoctist D prokaryote protoctist fungus

Question

The diagram shows a plant cell. A biologist wants to find out the number of chromosomes it contains. Which labelled part should be examined more closely? B C A D

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Which term describes each structure? structure brain liver neurone A organ organ cell B organ tissue cell C tissue organ tissue D tissue cell organ

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The diagram shows the order of bases along part of one strand of DNA. What is the order of bases on the complementary part of the other strand?

Question

Which substance is an enzyme? A fibrinogen B mRNA C pepsin D saliva

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Which function is performed in the duodenum? A assimilation B digestion C egestion D ingestion

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The graph shows the changes in pH in the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. 12 11 10 9 8 X 7 pH 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 oesophagus stomach duodenum region of the alimentary canal Which substance causes the change in pH at the point labelled X? A bile B gastric juice C glucagon D trypsin

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Which row names a small molecule and where that molecule is absorbed in the digestive system? name of the small colon small molecule intestine A amino acid key B glucose = molecule is absorbed C maltose = molecule is not absorbed D water

Question

A student cut one stalk of celery from a celery plant. They put the celery stalk into a beaker of blue dye. The celery stalk was removed from the blue dye after two hours and was cut into sections. celery stalk blue dye two hours blue circles visible in the cut section What is shown by the blue circles in the cut sections of celery stalk? A position of the cortex cells B position of the palisade cells C position of the phloem cells D position of the xylem vessels

Question

Which process moves water from the surfaces of the mesophyll cells into the air spaces during transpiration? A active transport B circulation C evaporation D osmosis

Question

The mass of water lost from a plant was investigated. The leaves of the plant were covered with a type of grease that acts as a waterproof barrier. The environmental conditions remained the same throughout the experiment. The table shows the results of the investigation. mass lost in treatment seven days / g no grease applied 12.0 grease applied only to the upper surface of every leaf 8.7 grease applied to both surfaces of every leaf 0.0 What is the mean daily rate of water loss through the upper surface of the leaves? A 0.47 g / day B 1.24 g / day C 1.71 g / day D 3.30 g / day

Question

What is translocation? A the movement of amino acids and water from sink to source B the movement of starch and water from source to sink C the movement of sucrose and amino acids from source to sink D the movement of sucrose and mineral ions from sink to source

Question

Which row names the blood vessel containing the highest blood urea concentration and the blood vessel containing the lowest blood urea concentration? highest blood urea lowest blood urea concentration concentration A hepatic artery hepatic vein B hepatic vein renal vein C hepatic portal vein renal artery D renal vein hepatic portal vein

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The diagram shows the human digestive system. Where do cholera bacteria cause the secretion of chloride ions? mouth A B D C anus

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Which row describes what happens when breathing in? external intercostal diaphragm muscles A contracts contract B contracts relax C relaxes contract D relaxes relax

Question

A person exercised vigorously for one minute and then rested for one hour. Which statements about lactic acid are correct? 1 During exercise, lactic acid is produced in the muscles and diffuses into the blood. 2 The blood transports lactic acid to the liver. 3 Lactic acid is broken down by anaerobic respiration. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

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The diagram shows the parts of the nervous system involved in a reflex arc. Which letter identifies a synapse? section of the spinal cord A B D C

Question

A person looks at a distant object in a dark area. The person then moves to a bright area and looks at a near object. Which statement describes some of the changes that take place in the person’s eyes? A The circular muscles of the iris contract, the pupil constricts, the ciliary muscles relax and the lens gets thicker. B The radial muscles of the iris relax, the circular muscles of the iris contract, the pupil constricts and the lens gets thinner. C The radial muscles of the iris relax, the pupil constricts, the ciliary muscles contract and the lens gets thicker. D The radial muscles of the iris relax, the pupil dilates, the ciliary muscles relax and the lens gets thicker.

Question

Which effect does adrenaline have on blood glucose concentration and pulse rate? blood glucose pulse rate concentration A decreases decreases B decreases increases C increases decreases D increases increases

Question

The diagram shows an experiment using two wheat shoot tips, X and Y. after two days in even light shoot tip removed X Y X Y Which statement is supported by the evidence provided by this experiment? A Auxin moves through the plant by osmosis. B Auxin is made in the shoot tip. C Auxin is unequally distributed in response to light. D Auxin inhibits cell elongation.

Question

Which action would help to limit the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria? A Use antibiotics frequently to prevent infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. B Use antibiotics only to treat bacterial infections. C Use antibiotics to treat all types of infections. D Use antibiotics to treat only viral infections.

Question

What is an example of asexual reproduction? A a single bacterium dividing to produce two genetically identical bacteria B a mammal giving birth to four offspring C a female bird laying six eggs which will hatch into the same species D a tomato plant producing fruits which contain many seeds

Question

The diagram shows parts of two different plants, 1 and 2, of the same species. The transfer of pollen between the flowers of these two plants is shown by the arrows labelled P and Q. P Q 1 2 Which arrows show cross-pollination, and which transfer of pollen would produce the most variation in the offspring? transfer of pollen that produces the cross-pollination most variation in the offspring A P only P B P only Q C P and Q P D P and Q Q

Question

Which substance is a hormone that is involved in the development and regulation of male secondary sexual characteristics? A insulin B glucagon C lactase D testosterone

Question

Which statement describes the net direction of movement of a substance across the placenta? A Carbon dioxide moves from the mother’s blood to the fetus’s blood. B Glucose moves from the fetus’s blood to the mother’s blood. C Glycogen moves from the mother’s blood to the fetus’s blood. D Urea moves from the fetus’s blood to the mother’s blood.

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The diagram shows the human female reproductive system. Which label identifies the uterus? B A C D

Question

Which methods can transmit HIV? 1 hugging a person infected with HIV 2 sharing a needle with a person infected with HIV 3 using a plate that a person infected with HIV has used A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

Question

Which chromosomes can be found in a single sperm? A X and X B X and Y C X or X D X or Y

Question

Why are lymphocytes the only cells that produce antibody proteins? A Lymphocytes express all the genes in the nucleus. B Lymphocytes have twice as many genes as other cells. C Other cells do not have the genes for antibodies. D The genes for antibodies are only expressed in lymphocytes.

Question

During protein synthesis, what is the function of the ribosome? A It assembles amino acids in a chain. B It carries a copy of a gene to the cytoplasm. C It contains the code for the synthesis of a protein. D It determines the order of bases in the protein.

Question

The photograph shows a speckled chicken. Speckled chickens have white feathers and black feathers. When a chicken with only white feathers and a chicken with only black feathers are crossed, all of the offspring are speckled. What would be the expected phenotypic ratio if a speckled chicken was crossed with a chicken with only white feathers? A all offspring have only white feathers B all offspring are speckled C 1 white feathers only : 1 speckled D 3 white feathers only : 1 speckled

Question

What are stem cells? A specialised cells that divide by meiosis to produce daughter cells B specialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells C unspecialised cells that divide by meiosis to produce daughter cells D unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells

Question

What are features of hydrophytes which have leaves that float? A long root system B many stomata on upper surface of leaves C hairy leaves D small air spaces in the spongy mesophyll

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Which unit could be used for the measurements needed to construct a pyramid of energy? A kJ per g per m2 B kJ per kg per year C kJ per m2 per year D kJ per kg

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Which process needs microorganisms to break down protein to produce ammonium ions? A decomposition B denitrification C nitrification D nitrogen fixation

Question

The graph shows part of a growth curve for a bacterial population. population size time What is not shown in the graph? A the death phase B the exponential phase C the lag phase D the stationary phase

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What is an advantage of large scale monocultures? A increased biodiversity B increased crop yield C increased susceptibility to disease D increased variation in the crop plant

Question

The graph shows the global emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from 1990 to 2015. 40 000 35 000 30 000 emissions 25 000 key / million 20 000 carbon dioxide tonnes 15 000 methane 10 000 5000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 year A student makes four statements about carbon dioxide and methane. ● Carbon dioxide and methane were the only sources of greenhouse gases produced in 1990. ● Carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise to the present day. ● Carbon dioxide has a greater effect on climate change than methane. ● Methane emissions were lower than carbon dioxide emissions between 1990 and 2015. How many statements are supported by these data? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Question

The diagram shows a bacterium. Which structure is cut to form sticky ends during genetic modification? A B D C