Biology 0610/23 May/June 2025: question paper and mark scheme

Question

The diagram shows an aquatic plant in light. water bubbles containing oxygen gas light aquatic plant What is a characteristic of all living things that is demonstrated in the diagram? A breathing B nutrition C photosynthesis D respiration

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The diagrams show four organisms. Which organism is a prokaryote? A B NOT TO SCALE C D

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What happens when plant cells are placed in a sugar solution that has a lower water potential than the cytoplasm of the cells? A The cells gain water and become flaccid. B The cells gain water and become turgid. C The cells lose water and become flaccid. D The cells lose water and become turgid.

Question

In a DNA molecule, bonds between pairs of bases hold two strands together. High temperatures can break these bonds to form two single strands of DNA. The base pair C and G is held together more strongly than the base pair A and T. Two DNA molecules containing the same number of bases were studied. ● In DNA molecule 1, 20% of bases are T. ● In DNA molecule 2, 20% of bases are C. Which DNA molecule would require the lowest temperature to break into single strands? A DNA molecule 1, because there are more A bases present. B DNA molecule 1, because there are more G bases present. C DNA molecule 2, because there are more A bases present. D DNA molecule 2, because there are more G bases present.

Question

The diagram shows a process involving an enzyme in the human stomach. + 1 + 2 The diagram shows another process, R, that affects this enzyme. R Which row identifies the substrate and the cause of process R? substrate cause of process R A 1 acidic conditions B 1 alkaline conditions C 2 acidic conditions D 2 alkaline conditions

Question

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis? A 3CO2 + 3H2O → C6H12O6 + 3O2 B 6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O C 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 D 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question

A potato was removed from a potato plant. A 5 g cube of potato was cut and put into a beaker of distilled water. What is the most likely mass of the cube of potato after two hours? A 2g B 4g C 5g D 7g

Question

The diagram shows the direction of net movement of two substances across a human placenta. tissue P placenta tissue Q substance 1 substance 2 Which tissue represents maternal blood and which substance is identified correctly? tissue that substance that is represents identified correctly maternal blood A P 1 = carbon dioxide B P 2 = urea C Q 1 = amino acids D Q 2 = starch

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The diagram shows part of a cross-section of a leaf. Which structure is a palisade mesophyll cell? A B C D

Question

A person has swollen, bleeding gums and slow wound healing. This could be caused by a lack of which nutrient in a diet? A calcium B fibre C iron D vitamin C

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Digested food molecules move into the cells of the body where they are used and become part of the cells. What is this a definition of? A absorption B assimilation C digestion D ingestion

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The diagram shows part of the human digestive system. In which part does protein digestion begin? A B C D

Question

The diagrams show cross-sections of a leaf, a root and a stem. leaf root stem 3 5 1 2 6 4 NOT TO SCALE In which row do the numbers represent the xylem in the leaf, the root and the stem? leaf root stem A 1 3 5 B 1 4 6 C 2 3 5 D 2 4 6

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Which structures in humans and in plants normally carry amino acids? arteries phloem A yes yes B yes no C no yes D no no

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Through which pathway does blood leave the heart? A through arteries from the atria B through arteries from the ventricles C through veins from the atria D through veins from the ventricles

Question

The photomicrograph shows some blood cells. X Which row shows the name and function of the cell labelled X? name function A lymphocyte engulfs pathogens B lymphocyte produces antibodies C phagocyte engulfs pathogens D phagocyte produces antibodies

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Which row shows the effects of cholera on the human body? effect of a build-up effect on volume of movement of of chloride ions on water leaving the chloride ions water potential body through the anus A into blood decreases increases B into blood increases decreases C into small intestine decreases increases D into small intestine increases decreases

Question

The plotted points, 1 and 2, on the graph show two different types of structure in the breathing system of a human. 1 relative diameter of lumen 2 distance from the larynx Which row identifies a structure attached to alveoli and a structure containing cartilage? a structure a structure attached to containing alveoli cartilage A 1 1 B 1 2 C 2 1 D 2 2

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Which process in plants uses energy from respiration? A cell division B osmosis C photosynthesis D transpiration

Question

Which sequence of statements explains the build-up and removal of an oxygen debt? 1 Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles during vigorous exercise. 2 Faster and deeper breathing continues after exercise. 3 Glucose is converted to lactic acid. 4 Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing an oxygen debt. 5 Oxygen enables the continued aerobic respiration of lactic acid. A 1→3→4→2→5 B 1→3→2→4→5 C 3→4→5→1→2 D 3→4→1→5→2

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What is filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus and into the nephron? glucose urea A yes yes B yes no C no yes D no no

Question

What can be broken down to form urea? A amino acids B fatty acids C sugars D vitamins

Question

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc. Q P receptor effector R What are the names of the structures labelled P, Q and R? P Q R A motor neurone relay neurone sensory neurone B motor neurone sensory neurone relay neurone C sensory neurone motor neurone relay neurone D sensory neurone relay neurone motor neurone

Question

The diagram shows a cross-section of an eye. E F G Which row is correct when a person views a near object? E F G refraction A contracts becomes thinner pulled less more B contracts becomes thicker pulled less more C relaxes becomes thinner pulled less less D relaxes becomes thicker pulled more less

Question

Which hormones increase the blood glucose concentration in humans? A adrenaline and glucagon B adrenaline and insulin C glucagon only D insulin only

Question

A shoot tip was placed on an agar block. Substances can diffuse through agar. Light was shone on the shoot tip from one direction. shoot tip light agar block X Y After three days, the agar was cut in half to form blocks X and Y. Blocks X and Y were placed on the stems of shoots that had the tips cut off. The agar blocks were kept on the shoot stems for one week. Which set of shoots represents the results after one week? A B X Y X Y C D X Y Y X

Question

The diagram shows reproduction in a potato plant. Potato X was planted into the ground and a plant grew from it. The plant then produced potato Y. potato Y potato X Which statement is correct? A X and Y are genetically different. B Y was produced by asexual reproduction. C Y was produced by sexual reproduction. D Y was produced by the fusion of gametes.

Question

Which statement about pollination is correct? A Self-pollination increases the ability of the population to respond to changes in the environment by increasing variation. B Self-pollination increases the ability of the population to respond to changes in the environment by reducing variation. C Self-pollination reduces the ability of the population to respond to changes in the environment by increasing variation. D Self-pollination reduces the ability of the population to respond to changes in the environment by reducing variation.

Question

The graph shows changes in the thickness of the lining of the uterus wall during a menstrual cycle. thickness of uterus wall lining 1 7 14 21 28 day of the menstrual cycle Which day is the last day of menstruation? A 4 B 8 C 16 D 20

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Which name is given to different versions of a gene? A allele B chromosome C length of DNA D protein

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The diagram shows the cells of a mammalian embryo shortly after fertilisation. What is the correct description of these cells? A embryo cells undergoing meiosis B gametes undergoing mitosis C stem cells undergoing mitosis D zygote undergoing meiosis

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The diagram shows the inheritance, in one family, of a sex-linked recessive disease. 1 2 key unaffected female affected female 3 4 unaffected male affected male 5 Which individuals in the diagram are heterozygous for this disease? A 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 4 and 5

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Which row describes continuous and discontinuous variation? continuous discontinuous variation variation A body mass in animals caused by genes and is an example the environment B caused by genes and seed shape in peas the environment is an example C caused by genes only ABO blood groups is an example D seed colour in peas caused by genes only is an example

Question

Which statements describe an adaptive feature in an organism? 1 It helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. 2 It always shows continuous variation. 3 It is inherited. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

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The graph shows the change in the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic X. percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic X time What causes the change shown in the graph? A artificial selection B natural selection C meiosis D random fertilisation

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The diagram shows the flow of energy, in units of energy, through a food chain. producers primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers 1000 units 100 units 10 units 1 unit Which percentage of energy is lost between the producers and secondary consumers? A 1% B 10% C 90% D 99%

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Which process in the nitrogen cycle can be caused by lightning and bacteria? A deamination B denitrification C nitrification D nitrogen fixation

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Which phase in the population growth curve shows when death rates are higher than birth rates? C D number of organisms B A time

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What is a disadvantage of large-scale monocultures of crop plants? A a decrease in use of insecticides B a decrease in fossil fuel emissions C an increase in biodiversity D an increase in risk of disease destroying the entire crop

Question

Some processes involved in the production of human insulin by genetic modification are listed. 1 insertion of the human insulin gene DNA into a cut bacterial plasmid 2 bacteria containing recombinant plasmids multiply and make human insulin 3 human insulin gene DNA is isolated using restriction enzymes 4 recombinant plasmids are inserted into bacteria What is the sequence of these processes in genetic modification? A 1→3→2→4 B 1→4→3→2 C 3→1→4→2 D 3→2→1→4